中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
非遗迎春添年味儿****** 【新春走基层】 光明日报记者 王笑妃 春节前夕，北京市杨梅竹斜街的一处非遗传习馆中，修女士正在欣赏自己绘制的金丝珐琅画：一只洁白圆润的萌兔正眯着眼睛，趴在一弯黄澄澄的月亮上酣睡。凑近端详，可见颜料的颗粒感，像把宝石碾碎，流光溢彩，熠熠生辉。“腊月里，来体验非遗手工迎兔年，感觉年味儿更足了。”修女士说。 伴随着蝈蝈热烈欢快的鸣叫声，修女士和同事体验了掐丝珐琅工艺中的“点蓝”一步。桌上摆着瓷蓝、珊红、松绿等用矿物制成的釉料颗粒，修女士用蓝管轻轻拾取釉料，一点点填入金丝间的缝隙，再拿蓝铲蘸水轻揉，让颜色自然晕染过渡。“看老师示范觉得简单，自己上手才发现‘点蓝’想要出彩，其中分寸、轻重的把握还是很考验技术的。下次我还要带朋友来，一起从‘掐丝’开始体验。”修女士兴致勃勃地说。 非遗传习馆的创始人郭巍，是金丝珐琅画非遗传承人，他希望以活态传承的方式，让跨越元明清三代、传承六百余年的掐丝珐琅工艺，在新时代绽放出独特光彩。“在博物馆隔着玻璃罩欣赏非遗工艺品，还不能完全展现它的魅力，只有让人们亲自动手体验制作过程，才能拉近它与百姓的距离，让人明白其中的韵味和妙处。”为了便于大众学习体验，郭巍提取了景泰蓝制作技艺中“掐丝”与“点蓝”的精髓，创新成金丝珐琅画的形式，省去了烧蓝、打磨、鎏金等纷繁复杂的操作工序。 为了让掐丝珐琅工艺从宫廷御用“飞入寻常百姓家”，郭巍将金丝珐琅画与人们生活日用的车载香薰、餐具装饰、化妆镜等结合，设计成别致的文创产品。和修女士一同来体验的李女士，选择在杯盖上绘制一朵亭亭玉立的芙蕖，“以后我打算在单位里每天用这个杯盖，这样就感觉非遗一下融入了我的生活”。 郭巍还尝试用金丝珐琅画的形式表现油画、卡通、插画等不同风格的绘画，以贴近现代人的审美。传习馆的墙上，挂满了一幅幅以细薄金丝掐制成各种花纹，再填进珐琅釉的瑰丽画作，有传统题材如九色神鹿、五福捧寿图，也有栩栩如生的雪豹、憨态可掬的卡通熊猫。 每年春节，郭巍都会以当年生肖为主题设计金丝珐琅画的图案。去年，他对瓦当形象中的“虎”进行二次创作，为虎加上三只翅膀，象征“如虎添翼”，数量则对应着天地人三才。今年兔年，他既为学员们准备了来自敦煌藻井中和谐典雅的“三兔共耳”图案，也准备了许多可爱的卡通兔子形象。郭巍介绍，春节前后，也有客人选择绘制春日的花卉来讨个彩头，如象征“和和美美”的荷花或寓意“玉堂富贵”的玉兰花。 记者注意到，传习馆的窗边摆放着许多玲珑可爱又喜庆的杯盖，有的上面绘有在圆滚滚身子上长着翅膀的“小仙兔”，有的在红底上以金色描出融合祥云图案的“福”字，有的绘有结着白霜的火红柿子。郭巍介绍，这是前几天一群放寒假的小学生来给家人制作的新年礼物。 在杨梅竹斜街，许多店铺已经贴上了红底墨书的福字和春联，端庄优雅的“古典”仙兔、灵动讨喜的“卡通”萌兔等非遗文创也被摆上了橱窗。在这里，人们可以体验制作老北京兔儿爷、毛猴，以及修复古陶瓷的“锔瓷”“金缮”工艺等非遗手工艺，过一个有浓浓年味的春节。 《光明日报》（ 2023年01月11日 03版） 大发平台地图 |
